Clinical features and diagnosis of acute aortic dissection view in chinese. The goal of hypertension treatment is to lower high blood. Pregnancyinduced hypertension is high blood pressure that occurs during pregnancy. Arterial hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality because of its association with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and renal disease.
As in man, in the majority of cases, hypertension is a silent disease or causes lowgrade, nonspecific signs typically, dullness, lethargy, depression and reduced exercise tolerance, often dismissed as signs of ageing. Stage 1 hypertension at diagnosis consider at or before 6 months of. The functional medicine approach three different cases three different causes hypertension allopathic disease approach disease specific nutrition approach functional medicine. Hypertension can also cause strokes by blocking or bursting arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the brain, as well as kidney damage, which can lead to kidney failure. Most common secondary causes of resistant hypertension are obstructive sleep apnea, renal artery stenosis, renal parenchymal disease, and primary aldosteronism while some uncommon causes such as pheochromocytoma, cushings disease, thyroid and parathyroid dysfunction. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is dangerous because it can lead to strokes, heart attacks, heart failure, or kidney disease. However, when complications of the condition begin to develop due to damage to the vascular system, symptoms can occur. Hypertension can be divided into primary disease or the hypertension can be secondary to another underlying cause table 4. Hypertension caused by another medical condition, such as kidney disease, is called secondary hypertension. Being overweight or obese increases your risk of developing high blood pressure. This clinical practice guideline cpg on the management of htn in the primary care setting is intended to promote evidence based management of hypertension and thereby improve patients clinical outcomes. Blood pressure components, risk, and comorbidities of hypertension 10. Thecriteria for diagnosing hypertension should be differentiated from blood pressure treatment targets.
High blood pressure causes the heart to have to work harder to. Losing even 10 pounds can lower your blood pressureand losing weight has the biggest effect on those who are overweight and already have hypertension. Secondary hypertension when a direct cause for high blood pressure can be identified, the condition is described as secondary hypertension. The medical term for high blood pressure is hypertension. When making a diagnosis of hypertension, it is important to consider medications and other causes that may be increasing the patients blood pressure. Hypertension is one of the most common health problems in the world.
Secondary hypertension has specific causes and is a complication of another health problem. While it might not seem serious if it occurs only occasionally, some doctors believe white coat. Management and treatment of hypotension and hypertension. The death toll from strokes is down by more than 54 percent and heart attack mortality has dropped by more than. Changes you can make to manage high blood pressure. Hypertension guideline resources uncontrolled high blood pressure bp can lead to heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other serious life threats. Blood pressure normally rises and falls throughout the day, but it can cause health problems if it stays high for a long time. Nowadays this disease may soon become the leading cause of death on all continents.
High blood pressure hbp, or hypertension is a symptomless silent killer that quietly damages blood vessels and leads to serious health problems. Stroke causes and haemodynamic consequences are heterogeneous which makes the management of blood pressure in stroke patients complex requiring an. This patient decision aid pdf, 2kb can also help you to understand your treatment options. Reference card from the seventh report of the joint. High blood pressure causes damage to the heart by hardening arteries and decreasing the flood of. White coat hypertension causes temporary increases in your blood pressure. High blood pressure can lead to heart disease and strokeleading causes of death in the united states. Hypertension causes, symptoms, treatment and management. Hypertension is the most frequent cause of adult death in the western world. High blood pressure, or hypertension, most commonly occurs without any symptoms and has for this reason been referred to as the silent killer.
Hypertension or high blood pressure can lead to heart disease, stroke, and death and is a major global health concern. By definition it has no direct causes but is a result of sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension have played a major role in recent dramatic. In most of these cases renal dysfunction resulting from sever chronic kidney disease or renovascular disease is the most common secondary cause. Whether medicine is also recommended depends on your blood pressure reading and your risk of developing problems such as heart attacks or. If hypertension is not diagnosed but there is evidence of target organ damage, consider carrying out investigations for alternative causes of the target organ damage for information on investigations, see nices guidelines on chronic kidney disease in adults and chronic heart failure. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may be useful in certain patients due to diurnal variation. Hypertension or elevated blood pressure is a serious medical condition that significantly increases the risks of heart, brain, kidney and other diseases. High blood pressure is dangerous because it makes the heart work too hard and contributes to atherosclerosis hardening of the arteries. Underlying causes and treatment article pdf available in arzneimittelforschungdrug research 635. Hypertension causes your blood pressure to get so high that your heart has to work much harder than normal. Longterm high blood pressure, however, is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, vision. Cardiovascular risks of hypertension view in chinese. Fortunately, the last 30 to 35 years have seen remarkable advances in the treatment of high blood pressure, with major payoffs.
Uncomplicated hypertension can persist for years, even decades, without causing symptoms. Hypertension is the most prevalent risk factor for stroke. Know the facts about high blood pressure 1 what is high blood pressure. Keep in mind that there is no single treatment that is going to work well for everyone. Acp and aafp release recommendations for adults 60 years and older practice guidelines 04152017 severe asymptomatic hypertension. However, in many of these countries, the control rates for high blood pressure have. Antihypertensive therapy to prevent recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack view in chinese. Convincing patients of the need for poorly tolerated medication in the face of wellbeing is one of the challenges confronting clinicians involved in improving the cardiovascular morbidity and. This type of high blood pressure, called secondary hypertension, tends to appear suddenly and cause higher blood pressure than does primary hypertension. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, evaluation of secondary causes should be pursued. In about 1 in 20 cases, high blood pressure happens as the result of an underlying health condition or taking a certain medicine. Some people have high blood pressure caused by an underlying condition. Hypertension is a difficult condition to manage because patients are generally asymptomatic and treatment is preventative rather than palliative.
Everyone with high blood pressure is advised to make healthy lifestyle changes. Medications such as adrenal steroids, estrogen, sympathomimetics, nsaids, and appetite suppressants. Well, you are going to need to find the right treatment for hypertension to use in your case if you have discovered that you do in fact suffer from a high blood pressure problem. Various conditions and medications can lead to secondary hypertension, including. Among the known causes of secondary hypertension, kidney. It increases the risk of heart disease see box 1 and stroke, which are the first and thirdleading causes of death among americans. In 2015, 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women had hypertension. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. It can assist primary care providers or specialists in the screening and diagnosis of htn. In fact, your blood pressure rises as your body weight increases. It is important to assess for symptoms of orthostatic hypotension to individualize blood pressure goals, select the most appropriateantihypertensiveagents,and minimize adverse effects of antihypertensive therapy. Hypertension guideline resources american heart association. In about 10%, a specific cause can be found and often relieved by either medical or surgical treatment. Even worse are the facts that a many people who have high blood pressure do know they have the disease but do not seek treatment they ignore the.
Coexistence of hypertension and related chronic conditions 11. Fewer than 10% of patients have secondary hypertension. High blood pressure typically does not cause symptoms. Hypertension highlights 2017 health metrics american heart. Pdf arterial hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality because of its association with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease. Stroke is the second most common cause of mortality worldwide and the third most common cause of disability. Preeclampsia is a condition that usually starts after the 20th week of pregnancy and is due to increased blood pressure and. One in three american adults has high blood pressurethats an estimated 67 million people. Hypertension htn or ht, also known as high blood pressure hbp, is a longterm medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. Health conditions that can cause high blood pressure include. Primary hypertension also known as essential hypertension idiopathic hypertension is most common and complex type of hypertension and is found in more than 90 % of the hypertensive population. In some cases, hypertension during pregnancy can lead to a more dangerous condition known as preeclampsia.
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